DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/0037549706075250

Summary
The learning environments and different educational methods are compared in this article from the perspective of the development systems thinking skills. The authors describe the term “system thinking” and the main approaches for creating the learning environment. The examples of the discussed approaches are learner-centered method, expressive and explorative modelling, analysis of complex system computational simulation results in comparison to the expected results. Two educational learning sequences, namely, “The bullwhip effect in supply chains” and “Market and price” were described. The cases were validated in two classes each by four teachers. The analysis showed that the learning sequences contributed to students’ system thinking. The authors emphasize the need of developing more environments dedicated to teaching systems thinking and the appropriate training for teachers to meet the required skills on systems dynamics.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
The article presents an empirical study on the improving educational process by using virtual dynamic learning environments in order to develop students’ skills on system thinking. The authors employed the explorative approach and provided two models for the students, the students were expected to train analyzing, communication and decision skills while using the given learning environments. The first model was based on the problem in the supply chains and is usually called a bullwhip effect. The goal is to minimize the individual and overall supply chain costs. During the project, student learn to argue their decisions and solve unseen problems. The other model was based on fundamental model of finding supply, demand and market equilibrium. The second model combines knowledge and experience in modelling, economics and market. The research shows that despite the initial skills in system thinking, students make progress while analyzing the given problem in the groups if they approach the method open-minded.

Point of Strength
The point of strength of the article is the discussion of explorative learning approach and the idea of dynamic learning environments, which combine system thinking, usable knowledge and group work.