DOI
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00328

Summary
The paper reports the assembly and testing of a rechargeable 3 V lithium-ion battery in the common 2032-coin cell format in a classroom environment without the use of expensive and complex equipment. Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly used, and it is crucial for students to utilize systems thinking to understand the benefits and environmental costs across their fabrication and lifespan. Thus, an operable lithium-ion battery can provide the context for a larger discussion about systems thinking of renewable technologies and about the benefits and longstanding challenges of green technologies.
The demonstration has been developed to eliminate the use of highly toxic materials and flammable solvents, and is designed to be as inexpensive, safe, and simple as possible. The battery can be repeatedly charged with a cheap USB-powered charger and can be used to power an LED tea candle or similar device. A stopwatch and multimeter can be used to estimate the capacity and voltage of the battery.
The proposed demonstration, presenting how a classroom-made battery can power a device, can enable students to better retain electrochemical concepts and can provide motivation for students and teachers to deepen their knowledge in renewable energy system.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
The paper deals with systems thinking and sustainable development.
Authors suggest that the transformation of basic chemicals into functional materials integrates multiple scientific disciplines and ignites student engagement in systems thinking of renewable energy processes. They also connect the widespread adoption of renewable and sustainable energy with effective energy storage in order to solve the intermittency of renewable power supply.

Point of Strength
The strength of the publication is the proposed practical demonstration that bridges the gap between fundamental classroom concepts and practical applications of electrochemistry that are at the forefront of 21st century technology.