DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-015-0353-7

Summary
The single- and double-loop learning for complex ship repairment problem is analyzed in this paper. The ship repairment is a complex problem in a fast-changing environment that requires system thinking (ST) and creative problem solving (CPS) competencies. The research is focused on the need for educational change to develop the required competencies and improve performance. The authors provide the research hypothesis regarding the single- (SLL) and double-loop learning (DLL) relation to organizational learning performance. Then they describe research methodology for evaluation of correlation between the factors and discuss research results. The authors conclude that ST, CPS, and system engineering methodology are important to solving SLL and DLL problems. The critical framework that combines ST, CPS, and system engineering methodology leads to the detailed analysis and deep understanding of problem and therefore solving it to use full potential of the system.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
The authors analyze a set of problems related to ships’ repair. Solving this problem requires engineering, cognitive, organizational, creative skills and reasoning. The authors suggest to apply single-loop and double-loop learning frameworks in ships’ repair and studied the relationships and contributions of systems thinking and creative problem solving to efficiency and effectiveness, learning and innovation, and in other aspects. The authors emphasize that modern methods should be applied to ships’ repair process and therefore they require development of knowledge and competence in solving problems.

Point of Strength
The article provides a broad literature review on problem solving techniques and emphasize the importance of system learning and creative problem solving.