DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22125

Summary
An active learning approach to incorporate augmented reality tools to finite element analysis (FEA) courses has been introduced. The augmented reality (AR) enables to project the numerical results directly on the structure and therefore makes the analysis and learning procedure more interactive and engaging. The article provides the description of the AR-FEA integrated system, including the system parts, such as, visualization and analysis modules, and hardware. The scope of the developed prototype is demonstrated for the linear stiffness model of the truss structure by applying different loading scenarios. The provided users’ feedback demonstrates the students’ and experts’ engagement in the learning environment that employs augmented reality. It is also stated that the system helps to facilitate the perception of the volumetric results, stress and strain distributions in the structure under different loading conditions in real time.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
Finite element analysis of complex structures requires knowledge in mathematics, mechanical engineering and material science. Conventionally, the physical behavior is modelled in the virtual environment without relation to reality. The authors suggest application of augmented reality to simulate mechanical loads and responses on the real structure and to visualize it in the actual environment. The students state that pressing force sensors in augmented reality was more intuitive compared to conventional desktop simulation and enabled to relate the cause and the results.
It also helps to develop critical thinking by the means of analyzing the simulation results as the desired resulting parameters (stresses, strains, etc.) can be visualized on the structure instantly, the results can be provided in various cross-sections and parts of the interest. The authors observed that application of augmented reality encourages students to develop communication skills, discuss problems, perform demonstrations.

Point of Strength
The article provides demonstration on application of augmented reality to teaching finite element methods and students’ reflection that it can help to explore and understand virtual behavior.