DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2019.02.005

Summary
The article considers the need for skills and competencies in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) disciplines in non-STEM jobs. The author describes the data collection procedure from job postings in UK. Then the machine learning algorithm is presented to classify them to STEM and non-STEM jobs with respect to the keywords used in the job descriptions. The results of the analysis are provided in the form of word maps and statistical metrics, including linear regression models for wage. The author finalizes the article with the discussion about the possible approach applications and future research. It is concluded that STEM skills and knowledge, such as analytical skills and problem solving are also required in non-STEM vacancies. Thus, the need of STEM competencies in non-STEM positions can be satisfied by incorporating STEM disciplines in non-STEM degree studies.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
The authors discuss the requirements of STEM requirements in non-STEM jobs. They analyzed the requirements in vacancies by of word maps, classification and other methods. It was mentioned that there are different classifications of STEM and non-STEM jobs. The authors state that STEM graduates are paid more in non-STEM positions due to their skills which are usually developed in the learning process. Moreover, it is suggested that employers tend to hire STEM graduates in some positions which partly require STEM knowledge as non-STEM graduates are usually unqualified to take a such position and training is too expensive. This should taken into consideration when training students for non-STEM positions to give them enough STEM competences to be prepared for the hybrid positions.

Point of Strength
The analysis of job requirements for STEM and non-STEM skills is provided in this article together with the discussion on what skills can be easily learned and what skills should be developed gradually.