DOI
doi: 10.1093/isr/viz052

Summary
The review analyzes the current state of the art of the network approach in the field of Global Governance. Kim argues that current studies in the field Global Governance tend to define the networks of governance as (1) fragmented, (2) polycentric, or (3) complex. The fragmentation strand focuses on patterns of cooperation versus competition or connectivity versus dysconnectivity. Policentricity refers to a situation where many elements mutually adjust and order relationships with one another without a central authority. Complexity adopts the concepts of emergence and self-organization among parts, distinguishing complex systems from complicated systems. These perspectives are often seen in contrast, as they present different characterizations of governance network and apply different measures and practices. As such, they have generated a certain confusion within the field of global governance. To tackle this confusion, the paper provides a literature review of the three abovementioned research strands, in order to elaborate a framework for operationalizing them. The author concludes by arguing that all these analyses can be deemed relevant and should not be disregarded, but rather adopted according to the different features of the network analyzed.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
The article is relevant for complex systems knowledge as it presents a wide review of its applications in the field of Global Governance. The network science approach is presented in its main aspects and in relation with relevant researches regarding clusters of institutions, treaties and systems of governance. Moreover, the author, by aiming to operationalize the three main strands of research in the field, provides a well detailed description of how governance systems are characterized. This study is particularly relevant to present to scholars and students how network theory can be applied in the research field of global governance, providing a starting point to carry out new researches.

Point of Strength
- The article is rather comprehensive, well detailed and with a rich bibliography;
- It provides a clear representation of networks characteristics, relevant features and how they can help defining the current relationships between governance institutions;
- The article does not omit current challenges of the network science applied to the field of Global Governance, but it tries to overcome them by providing informed and interesting suggestions.