DOI
10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.132

Summary
This study is concerned with flywheel energy storage (FES) technology. The abstract accurately describes the very relevance of this study to complex systems knowledge. In brief, its relevance includes subsystems and related markets, a contribution to Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) theory and providing an unprecedented method for qualitative systems dynamics analysis.

Wicki & Hansen use innovation systems theory to examine the components of FES. In assuming that the key processes of innovation systems theory (build up, growth and maturation) need to be adopted, they utilise TIS to analyse the components and identify links between them. The methodology included selecting specific case studies in conjunction with data collection and analysis.

The literature review process found that latest research suggests four main structures for TIS:

The primary TIS may co-develop with other TIS’s.
TIS can be linked to the structures and dynamics of sectors it is associated to.
A TIS is always localised somewhere. The analysis is mainly focussed on technology; however, geographical features may also be an influence.
Political circumstances can often play a role (see 6.3 ‘Implications for policymakers).

These functions must perform well in order for TIS for build-up, growth and maturation and can influence one another to form positive and negative feedback loops.




Analysis of flywheel technology was assessed under the 7 common innovation system functions. This is summarised clearly under table 7.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
A weakness identified in TIS literature was the lack of visual aids to represent information – particularly with “system functions and contextual elements”

The study also found that there was a lack in environmental impact consideration in the context of storage technologies and post energy transition. The authors have noted this as a policy maker issue with political implications.

Wicki & Hansen find that flywheel technology has developed well in the automotive sector. However, they highlighted the fact that the technology in the electricity sector has been hindered by institutional weaknesses (lacking environmental efficiency demand) and actor weaknesses (weak actor organisation and lack of clear market perspective).

Point of Strength
As a whole this study contributes to the literature of sustainable energy development, specifically with insights into energy storage technology. It also adds to the TIS literature.

The study identified the visual aid weaknesses within TIS literature to which they offer solutions or examples to in figures 2 – 5.

The analysis section draws useful insights into the influence, dynamics and implications for a range of structures. Table 7 provides clear and concise summaries of the innovation system functions. Table 8 clearly summarises the incentives and disincentives for manufacturing firms to join innovation systems. The authors make a clear distinction between the success of flywheel technology in both automotive and electricity sectors.