DOI
10.1080/09537325.2010.497256

Summary
This paper is concerned with the development of microgeneration in Germany and the UK from a Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) perspective. Findings in the form of supportive and obstructive factors to develop are derived from the TIS functions approach.

Praetorius et al introduce the paper by detailing microgeneration’s growing popularity and general functions followed by the analytical framework. The authors apply the Bergek et al TIS functions framework and identify and compare the structural and functional characteristics of the emerging microgeneration TIS in the U.K and Germany.

The comparison of both TIS is delivered in summarised tables in the study appendix. It would be most useful to go directly to this section for the findings.

A key driver identified in the U.K and German was the level of legitimation reflected in governmental statements and targets as well as strong social acceptance of microgeneration technologies. However, the U.K did not back this up by research development and demonstration (RD&D) funding to influence the direction of search or by sufficient market formation. In contrast, German RD&D funding was high and provided clear direction of search.

The German TIS for renewable energy technologies is characterised by very powerful lobbying and advocacy coalitions with links to both industry and political parties supported by a strong scientific community.  

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
Praetorius et al discuss the structural components, functional dynamics and inducement blocking mechanisms for both the U.K and German microgeneration TIS.

Carlsson & Stankiewicz define technological systems as “networks of agents interacting in a specific technology area under a particular institutional infrastructure for the purpose of generating, diffusing, and utilising technology”. 

Apart from being applicable to microgeneration, the U.K and Germany, the paper does not offer any standout findings for reimagining of education at HEIs. The summary Bergek et al’s system function is however a useful resource. 

Point of Strength
The TIS functions used in this study are adapted from common TIS author, Bergek et al. (2008). The functions and indicators are summarised in table 1. They are delivered in a simplistic manner, making the table a useful teaching resource for TIS. The table is pasted in the appendix here.










Appendix

 

Knowledge development and diffusion

R&D projects, activities of industry associations, websites, conferences, linkages among key stakeholders

 

Legitimation

Public interest/acceptance, governmental statements, activities to align institutional setting

 

Influence on the direction of search

Visions and beliefs in growth potential, press coverage, regulatory pressures and policy targets

 

Entrepreneurial experimentation

New entrants, diversification of activities of incumbents, number of different types of applications

 

Market formation

Number, type and size of markets, customer base, actors’ strategies, other drivers such as institutional stimuli, purchasing processes etc.

 

Resource mobilisation

Capital, skills

 

Development of external economies

Knowledge flows, political power, legitimacy/resolution of uncertainties