DOI
10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.03.001

Summary
Similar to other modelling methodologies, the potential of system dynamics to contribute to system understanding and decision making depends upon the practices applied by the modeller. However lessons about many of these practices are often unreported. This paper contributes to the methodology of system dynamics modelling of socio-ecological systems by 1) examining issues modellers face during the modelling process, and 2) providing guidance on how to effectively design and implement system dynamics modelling. This is achieved through an investigation of five case studies, drawing on lessons from these experiences. This is complemented by a literature review of system dynamics applied within the context of integrated modelling and environmental DSS. The case studies cover a variety of environmental issues and system dynamics modelling methods and tools. Although we used system dynamics as the common lens from which lessons are drawn, many of these insights transcend to other integrated modelling approaches.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
The article design its inquiry as a multi-method approach where the modelling lifecycle is the central focus or the unit of analysis. A typical SD modelling lifecycle contains the following four main phases: (1) conceptualization, which focuses on model scoping and system conceptualization, (2) formulation, which focuses on model formulation and coding, (3) verification and validation, which focuses on testing model structure and behaviour, and (4) implementation, which focuses on active model use and application. This is tested cases.

Point of Strength
This article would fit into a course on socio-ecological system modelling. It contains various ideas on the choice of method as well as inspiration on practical case modelling.