DOI
https://doi.org/10.1108/03321640910959026

Summary
The article presents the possibility to include the augmented reality (AR) to teaching electrodynamics. The authors describe visualization techniques, such as 2D/3D vector plots in combination with finite element mesh to represent the electric field. They provide three examples, namely, static magnetic field of a permanent magnet, a Helmholtz coil, and a horn antenna. The examples were chosen to illustrate the simple steps of AR possibilities to visualize details of the magnetic field. The challenges in AR implementation, such as complicated detection of markers, computational memory requirements for solving the problem and visualization are discussed. The authors state that conventional equipment (computer, webcam, projector) is enough to include the AR in the educational process, visually demonstrate the electromagnetic fields in the air, and therefore help students to relate the numerical results to the meaningful analysis.

Relevance for Complex Systems Knowledge
The authors suggest using the augmented reality applications to visualize numerical solutions of electrodynamical problems. They state that conventional visualization of solutions of 3D real-life problems is not easy to interpretate. The augmented reality helps to visualize the results of numerical solutions and does not require specific equipment, on the contrary to the tools of virtual reality. Using tools of the augmented reality helps students to enhance the engagement to the subject. As a result, students can apply a finite element method with different parameters to easily simulate the dynamical behavior of the structure and improve analytical skills by comparing results obtained in different simulations. This approach requires not only analytical skills and knowledge of the electrodynamics, but also mathematical background. Three practical examples including simulation of the permanent magnet, Helmholtz coil and Horn antenna are provided.

Point of Strength
The point of strength f this article is the presented combination of augmented reality tools to teach electrodynamics. These tools help students to interpret the results of solving real-life problems, obtained using numerical models, such as finite element method.